There are websites about grab bars in the bathroom.
http://www.license.state.tx.us/AB/abtas4c.htm#ToP
This is website about standard of bathroom including the position of every objects in the bathroom.
http://www.grabrail.co.uk/faq.htm
This is safety product company website that told me about kinds of grab bars, position to install and material.
http://www.godonnier.fr/anglais/collections/barres_de_maintien.htm
Another safety product company website is tall a lot of information about grab bars.
http://www.rd.com/content/openContent.do;jsessionid=C98387ED37B8E1E9C8D3AF750F71D631.app1_rd2?contentId=18089
This is how to website that told the way to install the garb bars in the bathroom.
วันจันทร์ที่ 10 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2550
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 9 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2550
Conclusion : Connection to hot and cold water
Connection to hot and cold water is the connection of the plumbing system in the house that separated in to 3 systems; a water supply system, a waste water system and a gas supply system but in this topic is focus on the water supply system that connected to the shower. The shower plumbing system is consisting of cold water system and hot water system.
Cold water system is the starting point and the main supply line of home plumbing system that come from public water works flow to the house. The main supply line is branch into the various fixtures, some go to the cold water storage cistern, and some go to the laundry, the kitchen, and the bathroom, and go through the water heater.
Hot water system has two systems; internal water heater and external water heater.
Internal water heater system is the water heater that install in the bathroom called Electric showers or On-Demand Water Heaters, these provide hot water right when the user need it, without storage tank. The cold water is supply from the branch line or the storage cistern connect to the electric water heater and the hot water flow out from the hot water outlet connect directly to the shower hose and then flow through the shower.
External water heater is installing outside the bathroom that can be inside or outside the house. Same as the electric water heater, the cold water is supply from the storage cistern to the water heater tank. The hot water flow through the hot water outlet to the hot water pipe that parallel to the cold water line from the storage cistern run to the parts of the house.
About the plumbing system of shower stall, the plumbing structure is installing hidden in the walls. The structure in the walls have the wall framing that made from wood to be the pillar for install the pipes, the valve and the shower head.
Some of shower plumbing system mostly in Thailand used only cold water. The plumbing system is very basic that is the cold water supply from the storage cistern or the branch line from the cold water main line connects to the valve and runs a pipe to the shower head.
In hot and cold water system are two supply lines, there are a cold water line and a hot water line.
The cold water line that used to mix with the hot water should supply from the storage cistern not from the branch line because the branch line that branch from the cold water main line is not stable if at that time the other fitting is in use, the cold water is supply to the shower will decrease that is un safe because the water will become hotter.
For the hot water line is supply from the water heater.
The structure of shower mixing plumbing is consisting of hot and cold supply line, a supply pipe leading to the shower head, mixing valve and shower head.
The hot and cold water supply pipe connected to the mixing valve that the hot water valve of faucet is always placed on the left side of the fixture. The supply pipe that should be as short and straight as possible, is rise up from the mixing valve connected to the shower arm and the end is connected to the shower head.
The shower with bathtub supply system includes the hot and cold supply pipes, the mixing valves, the shower head, a spout and a shower diverter that controls the water flow and it might be a part of the mixing valve or the spout.
For the supply system is look like the hot and cold shower system but the special is the system of shower diverter that convert the supply of water so it can use the water from the both sides that is the shower head and the spout.
In general plumbing system in the house is design to locate the bathroom, the kitchen and the laundry as close together as possible on the same floors and, when they are on the different floors, directly above and below one another. This makes the plumbing system more economical and easy to install and uses much less pipe and fewer fittings.
In the tropical country like Thailand, the electric showers is not quite necessary than the country of cold weather that have to install the water heater fit to the house so major Thai market used the electric showers that easily to move and install as same as the shower plumbing system that used only cold water is widespread using.
Even the electric shower plumbing system is popular but in term of design, the plumbing system of shower stalls that install hiding in the wall is more tidy, beauty and look modern than the first one but the system is harder and more complex because we cannot see it. So the designers who want to design the shower stalls have to understand this system clearly.
Cold water system is the starting point and the main supply line of home plumbing system that come from public water works flow to the house. The main supply line is branch into the various fixtures, some go to the cold water storage cistern, and some go to the laundry, the kitchen, and the bathroom, and go through the water heater.
Hot water system has two systems; internal water heater and external water heater.
Internal water heater system is the water heater that install in the bathroom called Electric showers or On-Demand Water Heaters, these provide hot water right when the user need it, without storage tank. The cold water is supply from the branch line or the storage cistern connect to the electric water heater and the hot water flow out from the hot water outlet connect directly to the shower hose and then flow through the shower.
External water heater is installing outside the bathroom that can be inside or outside the house. Same as the electric water heater, the cold water is supply from the storage cistern to the water heater tank. The hot water flow through the hot water outlet to the hot water pipe that parallel to the cold water line from the storage cistern run to the parts of the house.
About the plumbing system of shower stall, the plumbing structure is installing hidden in the walls. The structure in the walls have the wall framing that made from wood to be the pillar for install the pipes, the valve and the shower head.
Some of shower plumbing system mostly in Thailand used only cold water. The plumbing system is very basic that is the cold water supply from the storage cistern or the branch line from the cold water main line connects to the valve and runs a pipe to the shower head.
In hot and cold water system are two supply lines, there are a cold water line and a hot water line.
The cold water line that used to mix with the hot water should supply from the storage cistern not from the branch line because the branch line that branch from the cold water main line is not stable if at that time the other fitting is in use, the cold water is supply to the shower will decrease that is un safe because the water will become hotter.
For the hot water line is supply from the water heater.
The structure of shower mixing plumbing is consisting of hot and cold supply line, a supply pipe leading to the shower head, mixing valve and shower head.
The hot and cold water supply pipe connected to the mixing valve that the hot water valve of faucet is always placed on the left side of the fixture. The supply pipe that should be as short and straight as possible, is rise up from the mixing valve connected to the shower arm and the end is connected to the shower head.
The shower with bathtub supply system includes the hot and cold supply pipes, the mixing valves, the shower head, a spout and a shower diverter that controls the water flow and it might be a part of the mixing valve or the spout.
For the supply system is look like the hot and cold shower system but the special is the system of shower diverter that convert the supply of water so it can use the water from the both sides that is the shower head and the spout.
In general plumbing system in the house is design to locate the bathroom, the kitchen and the laundry as close together as possible on the same floors and, when they are on the different floors, directly above and below one another. This makes the plumbing system more economical and easy to install and uses much less pipe and fewer fittings.
In the tropical country like Thailand, the electric showers is not quite necessary than the country of cold weather that have to install the water heater fit to the house so major Thai market used the electric showers that easily to move and install as same as the shower plumbing system that used only cold water is widespread using.
Even the electric shower plumbing system is popular but in term of design, the plumbing system of shower stalls that install hiding in the wall is more tidy, beauty and look modern than the first one but the system is harder and more complex because we cannot see it. So the designers who want to design the shower stalls have to understand this system clearly.
Connection to hot and cold water
The connection of the plumbing system in the house
Blue line : main cold water
Green line : stored cold water
Red line : domestic hot water
Installing a manual shower mixer , must take the cold supply direct from the storage cistern. Taking the supply from a branch pipe supplying other taps or cisterns is unsafe because when the other fitting is in use, the cold supply to the shower could be reduced so much that the shower becomes scalding hot. Hot water for the shower mixer can be taken from a branch pipe, because there is no danger if the hot supply to the shower is reduced – though it can give you a nasty chilly spray. If you take the hot supply from the cylinder distribution pipe, make the connection at a point above the height of the cylinder top. With a thermostatic shower mixer, however, both hot and cold water can be taken from the branch pipes, as the water temperature is automatically controlled.
The structure of shower mixing plumbing is consisting of hot and cold supply line, a supply pipe leading to the shower head, mixing valve and shower head.
*About the height of the pipes and the showerhead, you can find it in Keng Blog http://keng621.blogspot.com/
The hot and cold water supply pipe connected to the mixing valve that the hot water valve of faucet is always placed on the left side of the fixture. The supply pipe is rise up from the mixing valve connected to the shower arm and the end the shower head.
http://www.showerdoctor.com/Installing_a_shower.php
http://www.rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=18112&pageIndex=3
The shower with bathtub supply system includes the hot and cold supply pipes, the mixing valves, the shower head, a spout and a shower diverter that might be a part of the mixing valve or the spout.
the supply system is same as the hot and cold shower system but the special is shower diverter that convert the supply of water so it can use the water from the both sides that is the shower head and the spout.
http://www.doityourself.com/stry/installshowerbathtub
http://davidkearns.co.uk/showers.asp
Blue line : main cold water
Green line : stored cold water
Red line : domestic hot water
Cold water system
It all starts with the main cold supply line from a public water works out of the house. After the main line enters to the house, it splits it three, one go to the cold water storage cistern, and some go to the laundry, the kitchen, and the bathroom, and go through the water heater.
Hot water system has two systems; internal water heater and external water heater.
* For the mechanic system of each water heater is in the former article.
The plumbing system of hot water
Internal water heater or Electric showers system is start with the cold water is supply from the branch line or the storage cistern to the electric showers and the hot water flow out from the outlet connect directly to the shower hose and then flow through the shower.
External water heater is as same as the electric water heater; the cold water is supply from the storage cistern to the water heater tank. The hot water flows through the hot water outlet to the hot water pipe run to the parts of the house.
The plumbing system of shower stall
Shower stalls are available in many different sizes and styles, but the basic elements are the same. Most shower stalls have a supply system, a drain system, and a framed shower alcove.
The supply system: The shower head and shower arm extend out from the wall, where they are connected to the shower pipe with an elbow fitting. The shower pipe rises up from the faucet body, which is supplied by hot and cold supply pipes, and is controlled by a faucet handle and shutoff valves.
The drain system: The drain cover attaches to the drain tailpiece. A rubber gasket on the tailpiece slips over the drain pipe, leading to the P-trap and the branch drain.
Shower stall: A layer of mortar is applied to the subfloor to create a bed for the shower base. Water-resistant wallboard or cementboard is attached to the stall framing members to provide a surface for gluing shower panels.
Only cold water
Mostly in Thailand used this shower plumbing system. The plumbing system is the cold water supply from the storage cistern or the branch line connects to the valve and runs a pipe to the shower head.
Hot and cold water system
In hot and cold water system are two supply lines, there are a cold water line and a hot water line come to mix together.
Installing a manual shower mixer , must take the cold supply direct from the storage cistern. Taking the supply from a branch pipe supplying other taps or cisterns is unsafe because when the other fitting is in use, the cold supply to the shower could be reduced so much that the shower becomes scalding hot. Hot water for the shower mixer can be taken from a branch pipe, because there is no danger if the hot supply to the shower is reduced – though it can give you a nasty chilly spray. If you take the hot supply from the cylinder distribution pipe, make the connection at a point above the height of the cylinder top. With a thermostatic shower mixer, however, both hot and cold water can be taken from the branch pipes, as the water temperature is automatically controlled.
The structure of shower mixing plumbing is consisting of hot and cold supply line, a supply pipe leading to the shower head, mixing valve and shower head.
*About the height of the pipes and the showerhead, you can find it in Keng Blog http://keng621.blogspot.com/
The hot and cold water supply pipe connected to the mixing valve that the hot water valve of faucet is always placed on the left side of the fixture. The supply pipe is rise up from the mixing valve connected to the shower arm and the end the shower head.
http://www.showerdoctor.com/Installing_a_shower.php
The structure in the walls have the wall framing that made from wood to be the pillar for install the pipes, the valve and the shower head.
http://www.rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=18112&pageIndex=3The shower with bathtub supply system includes the hot and cold supply pipes, the mixing valves, the shower head, a spout and a shower diverter that might be a part of the mixing valve or the spout.
the supply system is same as the hot and cold shower system but the special is shower diverter that convert the supply of water so it can use the water from the both sides that is the shower head and the spout.
http://www.doityourself.com/stry/installshowerbathtub
http://davidkearns.co.uk/showers.asp
Source Book : The Home Plumbing Manual by Orbis Publishing Limited, London 1980
Step-By-Step Basic Plumbing by Larry Clayton, Jim Harrold
Basic Plumbing Techniques by Ken Burke, Chevron Chemical Company, USA 1982
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 2 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2550
Solar water heaters # 2 Types of Solar Water Heaters
Types of Solar Water Heaters
"Closed-Loop" or "Indirect" Systems
The circulating heat-transfer fluid flows through a heat exchanger, which heats the water to be used by the household. In closed loop systems the circulating fluid is an anti-freeze solution or refrigerant as opposed to water. In closed water systems the circulating fluid never comes into direct contact with the water used by the household. The alternative is an ‘Open Loop’ or ‘Direct’ Systems.
Active Systems
Active systems use electric pumps, valves, and controllers to circulate water or other heat-transfer fluids through the collectors. They are usually more expensive than passive systems but are also more efficient. Active systems are usually easier to retrofit than passive systems because their storage tanks do not need to be installed above or close to the collectors. they will not function in a power outage.
Active systems use electric pumps, valves, and controllers to circulate water or other heat-transfer fluids through the collectors. They are usually more expensive than passive systems but are also more efficient. Active systems are usually easier to retrofit than passive systems because their storage tanks do not need to be installed above or close to the collectors. they will not function in a power outage.
Passive Systems
A passive solar water heating system, also called batch or breadbox collectors, uses natural convection or household water pressure to circulate water through a solar collector to a tank or to the point of use. A Passive System has no electric pumps. This makes them generally more reliable, easier to maintain, and possibly longer lasting than active systems.
A passive solar water heating system, also called batch or breadbox collectors, uses natural convection or household water pressure to circulate water through a solar collector to a tank or to the point of use. A Passive System has no electric pumps. This makes them generally more reliable, easier to maintain, and possibly longer lasting than active systems.
"Open-Loop" or "Direct" Systems
The simplest solar water heating systems use potable household water, which is heated as it passes directly through the collector and then flows to the house to be used for bathing, laundry, etc. This design is known as an "open-loop" (or "direct") system. In areas where freezing temperatures are common, however, liquid collectors must drain the water from the collector when the temperature drops.
The simplest solar water heating systems use potable household water, which is heated as it passes directly through the collector and then flows to the house to be used for bathing, laundry, etc. This design is known as an "open-loop" (or "direct") system. In areas where freezing temperatures are common, however, liquid collectors must drain the water from the collector when the temperature drops.
"Closed-Loop" or "Indirect" SystemsThe circulating heat-transfer fluid flows through a heat exchanger, which heats the water to be used by the household. In closed loop systems the circulating fluid is an anti-freeze solution or refrigerant as opposed to water. In closed water systems the circulating fluid never comes into direct contact with the water used by the household. The alternative is an ‘Open Loop’ or ‘Direct’ Systems.
Source :
http://www.arkansasrenewableenergy.org/solar/water_heating.html
http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/english/energy/new_energy/solar.html
http://www.pet.ie/heating_water/heatingwater.htm
http://www.acmegreen.com/page2/page7/page7.html
http://www.southface.org/solar/solar-roadmap/solar_how-to/solar-how_solar_works.htm
http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/english/energy/new_energy/solar.html
http://www.pet.ie/heating_water/heatingwater.htm
http://www.acmegreen.com/page2/page7/page7.html
http://www.southface.org/solar/solar-roadmap/solar_how-to/solar-how_solar_works.htm
Solar water heaters
Solar water heaters use energy from the sun to heat water. Solar water heaters are designed to serve as preheaters for conventional storage or demand water heaters. It have heat collector to collect the solar heat efficiently, heat accumulator tank to keep the heat for long hours, and heat transporter such as the piping to transfer the heat with minimum loss, and heat exchanger.
While the initial cost of solar water heater is high but it can save a lot of money over the long term. Solar water heaters are much less common than they were during the 1970s and early 1980s but the units available today tend to be considerably less expensive and more reliable. At today’s prices, solar water heaters compete very well with electric and propane water heaters on a life-cycle cost basis, though they are still usually more expensive than natural gas.
How a Solar Water Heating System Works
A Solar Water Heating system uses the sun to heat either water or a heat-transfer fluid in an instrument called a “collector” which is generally mounted on a roof. The heated water is then stored in a tank similar to a conventional gas or electric water tank. Some systems use an electric pump to circulate the fluid through the collectors.
A Solar Water Heating system uses the sun to heat either water or a heat-transfer fluid in an instrument called a “collector” which is generally mounted on a roof. The heated water is then stored in a tank similar to a conventional gas or electric water tank. Some systems use an electric pump to circulate the fluid through the collectors.
Collector
The collector, which is generally mounted on the roof, absorbs the sun's light energy and changes it into heat energy.
The two most common type of collectors are flat-plate and evacuated-tube.
The collector, which is generally mounted on the roof, absorbs the sun's light energy and changes it into heat energy.
The two most common type of collectors are flat-plate and evacuated-tube.
Flat-Plate Collectors
Flat-plate collectors are the most common collector for residential water heating. A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover—called the glazing—and a dark-coloured absorber plate.
Sunlight passes through the glazing and strikes the absorber plate, which heats up, thus changing solar radiation into heat energy. The heat is transferred to the liquid passing through the collector. The tubes are arranged in parallel and attached to the absorber plate so the heat absorbed by the absorber plate is readily conducted to the liquid.
Flat-plate collectors are the most common collector for residential water heating. A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover—called the glazing—and a dark-coloured absorber plate.
Sunlight passes through the glazing and strikes the absorber plate, which heats up, thus changing solar radiation into heat energy. The heat is transferred to the liquid passing through the collector. The tubes are arranged in parallel and attached to the absorber plate so the heat absorbed by the absorber plate is readily conducted to the liquid.
Evacuated-Tube Collectors
Evacuated-tube collectors have the ability to heat water to higher temperatures than flat plate collectors. In an evacuated-tube collector, sunlight enters through the outer glass tube, strikes the absorber tube, and changes to heat.
Tank-type water heaters # Gas water heater
Gas water heater
Source : http://homerepair.about.com/od/plumbingrepair/ss/hwh_tank_gas.htm
http://www.robinhoodpropertyservicesspain.com/water_heaters.html
A gas water heater is nearly identical to an electric water heater, except that it does not contain the two heating elements, but instead has a gas burner at the bottom, with the chimney running up through the middle of the tank.
How a gas water heater works
1. Cold water is supplied to the tank (from the long tube) and injected at the bottom of the tank through a dip tube.
2. The denser cold water stays there and is heated by the gas burner. As the water heats up, it naturally rises and is drawn off by the hot water discharge pipe so the hot water pipe is much shorter than the cold water pipe. This ensures that only the hottest water is being used from the tank. The hot water heater has simple parts and some safety features.
Source : http://homerepair.about.com/od/plumbingrepair/ss/hwh_tank_gas.htm
http://www.robinhoodpropertyservicesspain.com/water_heaters.html
Tank-type water heaters # Electric water heater
In household and commercial usage, most water heaters in North America and Europe are of the tank type. Also called storage water heaters, that has the cylindrical tank to heat and keep the water and stores the hot water ready for use. These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources but most of people used electricity ,natural gas and now solar energy is quite popular in many country.
Electric water heater
How an electric water heater works
1. When power is initially turned on to the unit, the upper element is energized and heats the water in the upper third of the tank.
2. When the upper third of the tank is heated to the temperature set on the upper thermostat, power is switched to the lower heating element. The lower element continues to heat until the water temperature in the lower portion of the tank is heated to the lower thermostat setting.
3. As hot water is drawn from the top of the tank, the dip tube delivers cold water to the bottom of the tank.
4. Eventually the cold water mixes with the hot, lowering the temperature to below the lower thermostat setting and the bottom element is energized.
If enough water is drawn to cool the upper third of the tank, the upper thermostat will send power to the upper element first. When the upper third of the tank is heated, power will again be switched to the lower element. It will be the circuit like this again and again that make the water continuously hot all the time.
Two type of electric water heater
This topic is about the system of electric water heater that I divided into two type that is internal and external water heater.
- Inside water heater that install in the bathroom called Tankless water heater or Electric showers.
- External water heater is installing outside the bathroom that can be inside or outside the house. The water will flow through the pipe to the bathroom.
- Inside water heater that install in the bathroom called Tankless water heater or Electric showers.
- External water heater is installing outside the bathroom that can be inside or outside the house. The water will flow through the pipe to the bathroom.
Ex. Solar system , Tank-type water heaters
Major Thai market used the electric showers that install in the bathroom.
About the detail of existing products, you can go to Nut Blog (http://nut613.blogspot.com/)
วันพุธที่ 1 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2550
Electric showers
Electric showers also called Tankless or On-Demand Water Heaters
These provide hot water right when you need it, without storage tank that using electricity, gas, or propane as a heat source.
These provide hot water right when you need it, without storage tank that using electricity, gas, or propane as a heat source.
Inside the Electric showers
How an electric shower works
1. When turn off the switch, cold water will enters to the heater by passing the flow sensor that detects the water flow.
2. Then the computer automatically ignites the burner.
3. Water will flow to the heater that the tank water heater tends to heat the water in the surrounding piping by virtue of convection.
4. The water temperature can change to suit the desire of the user by the remote thermostats.
5. When the switch is turn off, the unit shuts down.
3. Water will flow to the heater that the tank water heater tends to heat the water in the surrounding piping by virtue of convection.
4. The water temperature can change to suit the desire of the user by the remote thermostats.
5. When the switch is turn off, the unit shuts down.
วันจันทร์ที่ 23 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2550
inside the water heater #1
Electric Water Heater
Tankless Water Heater
Source :
* Sorry about the detail, I'm still confused about some information so
I will find more information to make sure that correct as soon as possible. ^^"
I will find more information to make sure that correct as soon as possible. ^^"
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